Adjumani District

Adjumani District was created on May 17th, 1997. It was initially called East Moyo and became Adjumani after Moyo District was split. Adjumani is one of the refugee-hosting districts in Uganda. Below is what you need to know about the district.

Geography:

• Location: Adjumani district is in Uganda’s northeastern part of the West Nile sub-region. It borders Moyo District to the west, South Sudan to the north, and Amuru District to the south.
• Coordinates: It lies between latitudes 3° 22′ 40.30″ N and longitudes 31° 47′ 27.24″ E.
• Topography: The district features a mix of rolling plains, wooded areas, and riverine environments, with the White Nile forming its eastern boundary.

Demographics:

• Population: As of the latest estimates, Adjumani District has a population of approximately 232,813 people.
• Ethnic Composition: The district is predominantly inhabited by the Madi people. Other ethnic groups include the Acholi, Kakwa, Lugbara, and various others, mainly due to the presence of South Sudanese refugees.
• Languages: The main languages spoken are Madi and English. Other languages used include Swahili and Lugbarati.

Economy:

• Agriculture: The backbone of the district’s economy is subsistence agriculture. Major crops include maize, millet, sorghum, cassava, sweet potatoes, and beans. Cash crops like tobacco and simsim (sesame) are also grown.
• Livestock Farming: Residents keep cattle, goats, sheep, and poultry, which are essential for domestic use and trade.
• Trade: Adjumani has several markets that facilitate the exchange of agricultural products, livestock, and other goods. Refugee settlements significantly influence the economy, creating demand for various goods and services.
• Fishing: The district’s proximity to the White Nile also supports fishing activities, contributing to local food security and income.

Infrastructure:

• Transport: The district has a network of roads connecting it to neighboring districts and South Sudan. However, road conditions can be challenging, particularly during the rainy season.
• Utilities:
  • Electricity: Access to electricity is limited, with most rural areas relying on solar power and generators.
  • Water Supply: Water is sourced from boreholes, protected springs, and the White Nile, with efforts ongoing to improve access to clean water.
  • Sanitation: Sanitation facilities are being developed, but there is still a need for improved infrastructure and services in many areas.

Education:

• Schools: Adjumani District has many primary and secondary schools, both government and privately owned. 
• Tertiary Institutions: The district has vocational training institutes that provide skills development for youths and adults.

Like many other districts in the West Nile subregion, Adjumani district’s education sector still needs to overcome many challenges, including a shortage of trained teachers, inadequate infrastructure, limited learning materials, and much more.

Health:

• Healthcare Facilities: Health services in Adjumani are provided by Adjumani Hospital and various health centers at lower levels (Health Centre IIIs and IVs).
• Challenges: The healthcare system is strained due to the high demand from the local population and refugees, facing issues such as inadequate medical supplies, insufficient health workers, and limited healthcare infrastructure.

Refugee Presence:

• Refugee Settlements: Adjumani District hosts many South Sudanese refugees, with settlements such as Nyumanzi, Maaji, and Ayilo. However, the refugee population within the district impacts local resources and services.
• Humanitarian Support: Various humanitarian organizations operate in the district, supporting refugee and host communities through health, education, and livelihood programs.

Cultural and Social Life:

• Cultural Heritage: The Madi culture is rich in traditions, including music, dance, and festivals. Cultural practices are an integral part of social life.
• Religion: The district has a mix of religious practices, with Christianity (Catholic and Protestant) and Islam being the major religions. Besides, religious events and activities play a significant role in community life.
• Social Amenities: Adjumani Town, the district’s administrative center, has various social amenities, including markets, sports facilities, and recreational centers. Community life revolves around market days, religious activities, and cultural events.

Urban Development:

• Governance: Like other districts in Uganda, Adjumani district is governed by a district council headed by a Local Council V (LCV) chairman. The commission is responsible for local management, planning, and service delivery.
• Challenges: The district faces challenges related to infrastructure development, public service delivery, and managing the impact of the refugee influx. Efforts are ongoing to improve roads, healthcare, education, and water supply.

Development Prospects:

• Economic Growth: There is potential for economic growth in agriculture, trade, and small-scale industries. Improved infrastructure and services can enhance economic activities.
• Investment Opportunities: Opportunities exist in sectors such as agriculture, agro-processing, trade, and services. Investment in infrastructure development can also spur growth.
• Community Initiatives: Local and international organizations support various development initiatives to improve livelihoods, education, healthcare, and community resilience.

Adjumani District, with its strategic location and diverse population, plays a vital role in the West Nile sub-region. Its development efforts focus on improving infrastructure, public service delivery, and supporting local and refugee communities.

Reference links:

1. Adjumani district local government website: https://www.adjumani.go.ug/
2. Uganda Investment Authority website: Adjumani district profile